PSY 403 Assignment 1 Solution Spring 2023

 

Semester Spring 2023 Social Psychology (PSY403)

Assignment 01

 

 

Due date: 16-07-2023                                                                                             Marks: 20

 

 

Question #1

 

Following are given some examples related to different attachment styles, which are discussed in detail in Lesson 30 of PSY403 Handouts. Your task is to read the examples, identify the attachment style pertaining to each example. Also provide justification why the given examples are associated with a particular attachment style.

 

Sr. No	Examples	Attachment Style (1 mark)	Justification (3 mark)
1	Tooba often complains that her husband is not caring towards her. She constantly needs reassurance and affection from friends and family to feel loved and likable. She feels herself unworthy and unable to maintain lasting relationships and constantly thinks that her relationship will end soon.	Preoccupied	Tooba is preoccupied with her husband's behavior and seeks reassurance from him. This example provided align with the preoccupied attachment style, characterized by a high need for reassurance, doubts about self-worth, and fear of relationship instability or rejection.

2	Hooria prefers to do all her tasks by herself and feels reluctant to depend on others for any kind of help. She considers herself as a dependable person while others as untrustworthy and unreliable.               Whenever someone tries to get close to her, she gets triggered and cuts off the relationship. It seems like she undermines attachment in general.	Dismissive-avoidant	Hooria exhibits characteristics of a dismissive- avoidant attachment style, characterized by a strong preference for independence, dismissing the importance of relationships, and a tendency to avoid emotional intimacy and closeness.
3	Ahmad can easily express his emotions with his partner, rely on her when needed, and is often available to help her in daily activities. Moreover, he is an optimistic person and gives positive value to relationships in general.	Secure	Ahmad exhibits characteristics of a secure attachment style. He demonstrates emotional openness, willingness to rely on his partner and provide support, as well as an optimistic and positive view of relationships.
4	Raiha prefers loneliness and avoids making close relationships with others because she is terrified of being hurt by them. She considers herself as incapable of maintaining lasting relationships and therefore keeps worrying about her relationships. She has low confidence and is less likely to express her emotions to others. However, she displays intense emotional outbursts when under stress.	Fearful-avoidant	Raiha exhibits characteristics of a fearful-avoidant attachment style, characterized by a fear of both closeness and rejection, low self-confidence, constant worry about relationships, reluctance to express emotions, and intense emotional outbursts under stress.

 

Marking Scheme

 

Identification of Attachment style: 1*4= 4

Justification: 3*4=12

 

 

Question #2

 

Enlist different types of attachment styles. What is your attachment style and in what ways it has influenced your social life? Examples from daily life will be appreciated.

 

Marking Scheme: (1+1+2 = 4)

 

 

Solution:

 

Different types of attachment styles are:

 

1.      Secure Attachment Style.

2.      Preoccupied Attachment Style.

3.      Dismissing-avoidant Attachment Style.

4.      Fearful-avoidant Attachment Style.

 

 

My attachment style is secure attachment style, which positively influences my social life and friendships.

It influences my social life by promoting trust, open communication, and emotional availability within my friendships. It forms and maintains stable and supportive connections. Secure attachment style contributes to my sense of well-being, allowing me to experience the benefits of healthy and fulfilling social interactions.

In my friendships, I am reliable, loyal, and emotionally available. I am able to balance my own needs with the needs of my friends, creating a healthy give-and-take dynamic. I am actively listening to my friends' concerns and providing support when needed. Secure attachment style allows me to offer a safe and nurturing space for my friends to express themselves without fear of judgment.

In social situations, I feel comfortable being myself and expressing my authentic self. Approaches to new connections with warmth and openness, allowing for the development of new friendships. It helps me to form and maintain meaningful relationships with a wide range of individuals, fostering a diverse and supportive social circle.

 

 

 

ECO402 GDB Solution Spring 2023

                                                                        

ECO 402

GDB Solution

Spring 2023

 

 

Question Description:

 

Case:

Price floor is a minimum price at which a service or product is permitted to sell. The most important example of a price floor is the minimum wage, which imposes a minimum amount that a worker can be paid for their services. As the cost of living rises over time, government of Pakistan has decided that the minimum wage for workers should increase. In the budget 2023, the finance minister of Pakistan announced that the minimum wage has been increased to Rs 32000 from Rs 25000.

 

Requirement:

Keeping in view the above scenario, logically discuss the impacts of the government decision on producers and workers.

 

Solution:

 

The government's decision to increase the minimum wage from Rs 25,000 to Rs 32,000 in Pakistan will have several impacts on both producers and workers. the actual impact of the minimum wage increase will depend on various factors, such as the overall economic conditions, the specific industry, and the ability of businesses to adapt to the new wage requirements. Additionally, government policies and measures to support businesses and workers in adjusting to the higher minimum wage can also influence the overall outcomes.

 

The increase in labor expenses has the most effect on producers. A higher minimum wage will force employers to set aside more money for employee compensation. The profit margins can decline as a result of this. If better productivity or higher pricing are not able to make up for the higher labor costs, producers may see a drop in profitability. Producers may increase the cost of their products or services to offset the effects of rising labor expenses. However, if customers believe the higher prices are out of reach, this can limit consumer demand. On the other hand, the increased minimum wage aims to raise workers' living standards and make it easier for them to meet their essential needs. By guaranteeing that workers receive a more equitable share of economic gains, a higher minimum wage can aid in the reduction of poverty and income inequality. For workers who are at risk, it can act as a safety net and assist them escape poverty. When labor prices rise, some firms could find it challenging to maintain their current workforce and turn to staff reductions or a reduction in employing new workers.

PAK302 Assignment 2 Solution spring 2023

 

PAK 302

Assignment No. 2 

Solution

Spring 2023

Q: Do you think that Zia ul Haq’s administrative and economic Policies were different from those of Ayub Khan? Explain with five valid points.  (10 Marks)

 

Solution:

Zia ul Haq and Ayub Khan were two prominent military leaders who served as presidents of Pakistan at different times. While there are similarities between their administrative and economic policies, there are also notable differences. While both leaders had authoritarian tendencies, Zia ul Haq's emphasis on Islamization and his approach to governance and the economy set him apart from Ayub Khan's developmental and centralized policies.

 

Five differences in their approaches are:

1.     Governance Style:

 

Ayub Khan pursued a centralized and authoritarian governance style, implementing the Basic Democracy System and concentrating power in his hands. In contrast, Zia ul Haq adopted a more decentralized approach by appointing local government representatives through indirect elections.

 

2.     Islamization Policy:

 

Zia ul Haq introduced a significant Islamization policy during his regime, aiming to Islamize various aspects of society and law. He implemented Islamic laws such as Hudood Ordinance, Qisas and blasphemy laws. Ayub Khan, on the other hand, did not emphasize Islamization to the same extent during his rule.

 

3.     Economic Policy:

 

Ayub Khan's economic policy focused on state-led development and industrialization, known as the "Basic Democracy" or "Developmental Economics." He encouraged foreign investment, promoted large-scale industries, and initiated the Green Revolution to boost agriculture. Zia ul Haq, however, pursued a policy of "Islamization of the economy" by promoting Islamic banking and discouraging interest-based transactions.

 

4.     Foreign Policy:

 

Ayub Khan pursued a policy of close alignment with the United States, particularly during the Cold War era. He entered into military alliances such as SEATO and CENTO. Zia ul Haq, in contrast, shifted Pakistan's foreign policy towards Islamic countries and emphasized building stronger ties with Muslim nations, including support for the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War.

 

5.     Media and Press Freedom:

 

Ayub Khan's regime introduced press censorship and restricted media freedom to a certain extent. Zia ul Haq, while also imposing restrictions on the media, allowed more press freedom compared to Ayub Khan's era.

 

Q2: How do you analyze the significance of Geo strategic location of Pakistan? Explain with five valid points.  (5 Marks)

 

Solution:

The geostrategic location of Pakistan holds significant importance due to its position in South Asia and its proximity to various geopolitical hotspots. Pakistan's geostrategic location grants it significant advantages in terms of trade, connectivity, energy security, military position, and diplomatic influence. Its central position in the region positions Pakistan as a crucial player in shaping regional dynamics and engaging with global powers.

Significance of Pakistan's geostrategic location:

·        Pakistan serves as a crucial bridge connecting South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. It shares borders with Iran, Afghanistan, China, and India. Its location allows for potential trade routes and energy corridors, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which connects the Arabian Sea to western China.

 

·        Pakistan's location gives it a strategic advantage in South Asia, allowing it to exert influence in the region. It shares a tense border with India and plays a key role in the geopolitics of the Indian subcontinent. The rivalry between the two countries impacts regional dynamics and security.

 

 

·        Pakistan's coastline along the Arabian Sea grants it accesses to vital international maritime trade routes. The ports of Karachi and Gwadar have significant economic potential, enabling Pakistan to serve as a maritime gateway for trade between the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.

 

·        Pakistan's location near the resource-rich region of the Middle East gives it access to significant energy resources. It has historically relied on imports of oil and gas, and its geostrategic position allows for potential energy cooperation and the development of alternative energy routes.

 

·        Pakistan's proximity to Afghanistan has made it a key player in the Afghan conflict. It has served as a crucial transit and supply route for foreign forces and has facilitated peace negotiations between various Afghan factions. Its location influences regional stability and the prospects for peace in Afghanistan.