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| PMC Module 1 Introduction to Montessori Solved assignment |
Write answers in your own words. Your answers should be at least 2 typed pages or 3 handwritten pages. Please don’t forget to write your name and roll number on each page of the assignment.
Q1 : Discuss the life and works of Dr. Maria Montessori and why is she referred to as a
lady much ahead of her time?
Answer No. 1
· The life and works of Dr. Maria Montessori.
Ø Maria Montessori was born on 31st August 1870 to an educated middle-class family in Ancona , Italy.
Ø Dr. Maria Montessori was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy.
Ø Get a chance to have education in big cities of Italy by her father. She choose medical education. In those days, whole Europe was conservative about its attitude towards women rights and for many years of opposition from her father and her male fellows. She graduated with highest honors from the Medical School of the University of Rome and became the first lady doctor of Italy.
· Her work with Special Children
Ø She was always unwilling to choose education as career because it was one of the three traditional role open for women at that time .Working with children , homemaking and convent. She is well known for her work and contribution in education.
Ø As a physician and specialized in pediatrics . Her work and approach was much more scientific instead of philosophical approach followed by other educational innovators.
Ø In 1900, after her degree in medicine, Montessori was appointed director of the new Orthophrenic School attached to the University of Rome, formerly a municipal asylum for the deficient and “insane” (Special) children of the city, most of whom would be diagnosed in the twenty-first century as autistic* or mentally disabled. Montessori took the idea of a scientific approach to education, based on observation and experimentation. She belongs to the child study school of thought. She continued her work with the careful practice and objectivity like that of a biologist studying the natural behavior of an animal in the forest.
· Montessori also introduced them the exercise of practical day of living like cleaning and dressing etc
· After success with special children ,she desired to work with normal children and want to know what they response. .unfortunately ,she can’t get opportunity by the Italian Ministry of Education .
· Casa dei Bambini
Ø In 1907 that opportunity came when she was offered the position of medical director of day-care center of working class children who were unable to attend public schools.
Ø She used the same method of teaching which she used before the special children. She was surprised to see the much better results than the special.
Ø Unlike her mentally challenged children pushed to use her apparatus ,the normal children were naturally attracted to them and took much interest to the work she introduced.
Ø She noticed that such activities made them more independent and added to their self-development.
Ø As a result of self activities ,the older children took part to help their teachers.
· Why is she referred to as a lady much ahead of her time?
v Significant work in the following aspects:
v Working with mentally disable children
v Reformer of education
v Her discoveries about child and its development
v Advocacy of women rights
v Her mission to regenerating mankind
v As a first woman, devote her whole life for the betterment of child development and education system not just of her time but also for the all times . She face so many hurdle in her way , she didn’t care about them and continued her work until she succeed.
v Her method of teaching which has helped and would continue to help children of all the times to become a better human being. We can say that she lived in old days but was definitely “A WOMAN MUCH AHEAD OF HER TIME”.
Q2: Which are the main requirements to be considered to start a house of Children?
How do you implement them?
Answer No. 2
Every child wants a place where they do anything according to their interest which is not possible at home because they face many problems there.. Montessori is the only place where they can do everything according to their needs and interest freely. Where every things are provided according to their needs.. In Montessori classrooms, children just select their own work most of time but also work with tasks. Due to which they feeling satisfied and desire to learning more happily.
· The main requirements to be considered to start a House of Children are: freely and comfortably.
· When start a school, classroom should be of 20 square feet per student at early per student at secondary level.
· The number of student should be 25 to 30 in a classroom .
· For elementary and secondary level students there should be established child size kitchen ,science lab, art studio and a classroom library through which they can be focus completely on itself.
· Classroom windows should be large till floor through which they can easily look outside the window.
· They have freedom of everything to do ,let them what they want to do .
· Always never use the word “NO” . Prohibition is prohibition whether sweet or bitter although there are limits to do it.
· Provided help to the children where needed.
· Environment provided in which children say “let do it myself”.
· Everything should be of child size to which they can approach easily.
· Arrange self develop activities.
· Adults should be trained and responsible.
v Implementation
In House of Children we will prefer to implement following thing:
· Respect for the Children:
Helping the children to improve their critical thinking skills. Show respect to them by respect their feeling, privacy and also respect their body and personal space.
· Everything should be children sized.
Everything should be of children size like chair, table, wash basin and shelves etc, through which they can easily reach to them.
· Prepared Environment.
In the classroom prepare an environment that facilitate children independent and provide the ability to select the activity of their interest and keeping the environment perfect.
· Focus on the Individual Mind.
In a classroom every child is different to other. A child adopted any activity or exercise according to their pace. Adult should focus on every child as individual as possible .
· Polite and Reasonable behavior of the Teacher.
Teacher behavior should be polite and responsible to children as they are the guider .They are responsible of their work. As the children observe them and adopt so many things according to their behavior.
· Parents and Teacher Meetings.
There should be arrange parents and teacher meetings. Through which they tells them about their children progress and the difficulties they face. Also tell about the activities in which they take interest. through which parents will able to understand their children and their needs as well.
· Q3: What are the discoveries made by Dr. Maria Montessori by observing the child?
Answer No. 3
After twenty years of work and experiments , she discovered many aspect of the child and childhood. Montessori had found a method of helping children in their educational pursuit which helps the child for life.
Discoveries by Dr. Maria Montessori are:
· Children love to work purposefully
If it is related with the inner development needs ,they definitely worked until they achieve their goal which help them to select and concentrate on task which are related to their development.
· The inner drive is enough
Total development is possible when children can work on different fields of human activity at specific time following a purposeful inner desire by naturally.
· When something that answers the inner needs meets the child’s eyes natural INTEREST in alight
The first thing for learning is interest for work, if finds suitable condition for work then repeat it as possible through which results concentration .children works with concentration and find the result according to their inner need they seems satisfied and happy.
· Normality depends on all the human powers working in unity, in cooperation
Sometimes children do not find conditions necessary for development.. It is possible if we give them an opportunity of working individually at the developmental freedom which brings normality.
· Too young children need order
The child need not practice in everyday life. The child get confused and this can wrap in his development.
· Sensorial concept, arithmetic, art and cultural activities are important for child’s education
Dr .Montessori found that if these kinds of activities included in their learning process .It will be helpful and they are also took interest to take part in it happily. Because through these activities they brought intelligence and voluntary movements of the personality .
· If any activity is provided in right way which seems too complicated, the child can easily understand
· Children mostly behave according to the behavior
Children behave disorderly and destructive if environment or any thing provided in wrong way. In Montessori, the environment is prepared with trained teachers who understand children needs very well and show responsible and loving behavior.
· Provide help if needed, let them do their work them self
Our objective should be to lead the children independence in their individual or social life. Just provide necessary help if needed .Because every child want to tell us “HELP ME DO IT MYSELF” and we just ignored them .
· She discovered that real discipline comes through freedom.
It is necessary for children to give them freedom .it is suggested that true discipline comes from within ,and not comes from the outside because true discipline is born in freedom. Freedom and discipline are two sides of coin.
· Real obedience is based on love, respect and faith
When obedience brings the inner satisfaction it becomes true obedience which lead to the true development.
· Most of the activities presented to the children in Montessori houses of children are results of observing the child,
In Montessori most of the activities are designed and result of Maria Montessori ‘s work with children after observing them.
· Montessori discovered that the environment itself was all-important in obtaining the results that she had observed.
She also discover that if anything that is provided to the children are heavy or bigger than their size in a classroom which hindered their development process. approachable and helpful in their learning process. So she changed the whole furniture and other materials .
· Montessori further studied the traffic pattern of the rooms.
· Montessori carried this environmental engineering throughout the entire school building and outside environment.
Montessori designing the child sized toilets and low sinks, large windows low to the ground through which they can look outside easily, low shelves and all kinds of garden tools which are easy to carry.
Q4: What does “ PILES” stand for when we talk of human development? Discuss the physical, lingual and intellectual development taking place during 3 to 6 year of age.
Answer No. 4
· In terms of human growth and development, PILES stands for
P: Physical
I: Intellectual
L: Lingual
E: Emotional
S: Social Development
· Physical Development taking place during 3 to 6 years of Age
Physical development taking place during 3 to 6 years of age. The child brings his unconscious knowledge to conscious level. At this stage child is very active, energetic and imaginative. The value of physical development and the role they play in a child's entire life is very important. A young child's physical growth first begins as muscles gain strength with use and children gradually develop coordination. The development of muscular control is the first step in this process. Later he becomes more skilled at exploiting his actions. He may go into a direction to be able to run quickly or exploit many of his skills at a time. He uses smaller actions that he needs when he writes, draw or join together a jigsaw puzzle. These actions develop his fine manipulative skills. When his fine manipulative skills are well developed he:
· Washes and dries hand with assistance
· Is able to use spoon without spilling
· Can torn pages in a book one by one
· Holds crayon and may draw a face
· Jump from low steps
· Pedal and steer a tricycle
· Walk and run forward
· Walk on tiptoe
· Throw a large ball.
· Lingual Development taking place during 3 to 6 years of Age
· Uses personal pronouns and plurals correctly and can give his own name and sex, and age sometimes
· Talks to himself when playing
· Enjoy listening to and making music
· Counts up to ten or more by repetition
· Intellectual Development taking place during 3 to 6 years of Age
· Children change more quickly than elder’s. It seems that you can blink your eyes and your child has grown and developed. At one moment they are throwing balls in the box the next moment they are flipping the pages of a story book. Then they start reading of their own choices story books. Different activities and games can enhance their intellectual development. Cognitive or intellectual development is about how children learn, think and develop ideas. This is one of the areas of development that is strongly influenced by the experiences a child has. Learning the names of animals is only possible if a child has been told them. This applies to almost any knowledge or skill.
Q5: Write a comprehensive note on the role of teacher in a Montessori classroom?
Answer No. 5
The Montessori Method is based Dr. Maria Montessori's understanding of children's natural learning ability. In a Montessori teacher is guide or facilitator. They are constantly experimenting , modifying the environment to meet their perceptions of each child’s needs and interest. To understand their role. There are two types of arts productive art and cooperative art.
· Productive Art:
Arts in which the activity of the artist is the principle and cause of production like shoemaker. If remove the artist activity there will be no production.
· Cooperative Art:
Arts in which the artist activity is not the principle and cause of production.
Farming: The art of raising plants and animal.
Healing: The art of curing like doctor ,physicians etc.
Teaching: The third one is what we concerned with. Removal of doctors there will be healthy humans on earth. In farming the primary cause of production is the natural ability of plants and animal to grow. In teaching the primary cause
· Role of teacher in a classroom
There are various roles of teacher in Montessori classroom because teachers are role models for children as they follow their actions.
· Preparation of environment:
A Montessori teacher should prepare the best learning environment where a child could select any activity according to its need and interest easily. It also should be put on low shelves where the child could easily explore and place it in order.
· Giving lesson:
Montessori teacher lesson should be brief and interesting therefore their attention should not be divert. She should provide simple and necessary information to the children. Through which they are able to use the materials very well.
· A good communicator:
A teacher is a role model for children. A teacher should be good communicator and help the children to learn how to be a good communicator and communicate their thoughts with adults.
· Observer:
Montessori teachers are called upon to be passive observers. A Montessori teacher must continually observe children to see what motivates each one individually. He must examine each child in order to understand his learning style. The Montessori teacher must also observe how each child interacts with others, works in his environment and manipulates each activity. He must find specific interests in each child so that he can cultivate those interests.
· Director
Another role of the Montessori teacher is that of director or facilitator. He guides the students toward experiences with practical learning materials and activities that foster sensory investigation.
· Evaluator
The Montessori teacher must evaluate patterns of growth, development and behavior in his students. She should be able to know about the needs of the student. She should evaluate her student performance individually.
· Supportive
The teacher should be supportive, offering warmth, security and non -judgment acceptance to each child. She should support her students to learn or generate new ideas independently.
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